Cryptography & PKI

Key Management

Overview

Key management covers generating, storing, distributing, rotating, revoking, and destroying cryptographic keys — since strong encryption is worthless if the keys themselves are compromised.

Key concepts

  • Key generation, storage, distribution, rotation, revocation
  • Key escrow
  • Hardware security modules (HSMs)

Tools & techniques

ToolPurposeWhen to use
HSM (Hardware Security Module)Secure key generation/storage/managementEnterprise-grade key protection

How it works

Key management is the process of generating, storing, distributing, rotating, revoking, and destroying cryptographic keys. Strong encryption is ineffective if attackers can access or steal the keys themselves.

Lifecycle

TermMeaning
Key generationCreating a cryptographic key.
Key storageSecurely protecting keys while they're not in use.
Key distributionSecurely providing keys to authorized users or systems.
Key rotationReplacing an old key with a new one on a regular schedule.
Key revocationInvalidating a key that's been compromised, lost, or no longer needed.

Protecting keys at scale

TermMeaning
Key escrowSecurely storing a copy of an encryption key with a trusted third party.
Hardware security module (HSM)A physical device that securely generates, stores, and manages cryptographic keys.
Key backupA protected copy of a key usable for recovery if the original is lost.