Overview

The core toolset for defensive security work, organized by what layer of the environment each tool operates on.

Key concepts

  • Monitoring: SIEM, SOAR, Sysmon
  • Network defense: Wireshark, Zeek, Suricata, Snort
  • Endpoint defense: Defender, CrowdStrike, SentinelOne
  • Vulnerability management: Nessus, OpenVAS

Tools & techniques

ToolPurposeWhen to use
SIEMCentralize logs, correlate events, alertCore ongoing monitoring
SOARAutomate security workflowsReducing manual response work
CrowdStrike Falcon / SentinelOneCloud-based EDREndpoint monitoring and response
Suricata / SnortNetwork IDS/IPSNetwork-layer detection

How it works

Security monitoring tools

ToolPurpose
SIEMCentralizes logs from many sources, correlates events, searches data, generates alerts.
SOARAutomates repetitive security workflows — enriching alerts, blocking IPs, opening tickets, isolating endpoints.
Log management platformCollects, stores, searches, and analyzes logs from devices, servers, apps, and cloud services.
SysmonWindows monitoring utility recording detailed endpoint events — process creation, network connections, file creation, driver loading.

Network-defense tools

ToolPurpose
WiresharkCaptures and inspects network traffic.
ZeekProduces detailed logs about connections, DNS, HTTP activity, files, and other network events.
SuricataOpen-source IDS/IPS and network-security-monitoring engine.
SnortIDS/IPS that detects suspicious activity using rules and signatures.
FirewallPermits, blocks, or inspects traffic based on defined rules.
Network access control (NAC)Controls whether devices can connect based on identity, device status, and security requirements.

Endpoint-defense tools

ToolPurpose
Microsoft Defender for EndpointEDR and endpoint-security platform for monitoring, detection, investigation, response.
CrowdStrike FalconCloud-based endpoint security — monitoring, detection, response.
SentinelOneEndpoint security using behavioral detection and automated response.
Windows Defender FirewallHost-based firewall controlling inbound/outbound traffic on Windows devices.

Vulnerability-management tools

ToolPurpose
NessusIdentifies missing patches, insecure configurations, weak encryption, known vulnerabilities.
OpenVAS/GreenboneIdentifies known security weaknesses in systems and networks.
Configuration-management toolsGroup Policy, Microsoft Intune, Ansible, Puppet, Chef — apply/maintain secure configurations at scale.